Machining, fabrication, welding, casting and additive manufacturing all create within the material an imbalance of stresses.
These are known as anisotropic stresses in that the magnitude of these stresses are directional and can introduce distortion into the part and also cause premature failure. Wherever possible it is good practice to heat treat the part post manufacture. As this is not always possible shot peening can be beneficial by introducing surface and sub surface compressive stresses. The majority of fatigue failures are by surface and near surface cracking, the introduction of compressive stresses by shot peening significantly reduces this risk and acts as a component life enhancing process.
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